You can make a time series stationary using adjustments and transformations. Adjustments such as removing inflation simplify the historical data making the series more consistent. Transforms like logarithms can stabilize the variance, while differencing transforms …
You can use visual inspection, global vs. local analysis, and statistics to analyze stationarity. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is the most commonly used parametric test, and the Zivot-Andrews test is better than the ADF …
Stationarity means that a process’s statistical properties that create a time series are constant over time. This statistical consistency makes distributions predictable enabling forecasting, and is an assumption of many time series forecasting models. What …
A time series is a sequence of moments-in-time observations. The sequence of data is either uniformly spaced at a specific frequency such as hourly or sporadically spaced in the case of a phone call log. …
Survivorship bias is the risk of analyzing investment performance using only “surviving” constituents of a selected investment universe instead of incorporating all current and historical constituents over the performance period. Survivorship bias artificially increases long …
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